• Scope note:

  This class comprises distinct intellectual ideas conveyed in artistic and intellectual creations, such a poems, stories or musical compositions. A Work is the outcome of an intellectual process of one or more persons. Inherent to the notion of work is the existence of recognisable realizations of the work in the form of one or more expressions. Works are often regarded as finished and discrete e.g. when declared as such by the creator of the work or based on the elaboration or logical coherence of its content. However, works may be recognized as existing but unfinished e.g. if the creators deliberately or accidentally never explicitly finished a particular Expression but have left behind partial expressions. In the absence of explicit information about the initial conception, which is rarely available, the first expression created constitutes witness of the beginning of existence of a Work. A Work can evolve over time, such as through revised editions. A Work may be elaborated by one or more Actors simultaneously, in parallel, or over time. Additional expressions of a Work can continue to be created over time. The boundaries of a Work have nothing to do with the value of the intellectual achievement but only with the dominance of a concept. The main purpose of this class is to enable bringing together intellectually equivalent Expressions in order to display to a user all available alternatives of the same intellectual or artistic content (LRMoo version1.0, 2024).

• “A Work is the outcome of an intellectual process of one or more persons. Inherent to the notion of work is the existence of recognisable realizations of the work in the form of one or more expressions.”. In GOLEM, a Work is a specific variant of a narrative Stoff. It includes specific characters, events, themes, and settings that are organized in a particular way (e.g. syuzhet).

*Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone* (movie, 2001).

• ecrm:E89_Propositional_Object ^c
• dlp_extDnS:description

• R3 is realised in ^op
• has character ^op

• R3i realises ^op
• is character in ^op

• R3 is realised in ^op some F2 Expression ^c
  
• ecrm:P130_shows_features_of ^op some G15 Fandom ^c
  
• proper part ^op some G9 Narrative Unit ^c
  
• d-uses ^op some G7 Narrative Sequence ^c
  
• satisfied by ^op some G12 Setting ^c
  

• Scope note:

  This class comprises the intellectual or artistic realisations of Works in the form of identifiable immaterial objects, such as texts, poems, jokes, musical or choreographic notations, movement pattern, sound pattern, images, multimedia objects, or any combination of such forms. The substance of F2 Expression is signs. An Expression is the outcome of the intellectual or creative process of realizing a Work. Subsequent expressions conveying the same work may be created over time. Expressions do not depend on a specific physical carrier and can exist on one or more carriers simultaneously. As far as bibliographic practice is concerned, only instances of F2 Expression that are externalised on physical carriers other than both the creator’s brain and an auditor’s brain are taken into account. The form of F2 Expression is an inherent characteristic of the F2 Expression. Differences in form imply different Expressions (e.g., from text to spoken word, a transcript of a recording). Similarly, differences in language or means of performance imply different Expressions (e.g., translations or arrangements for different instruments). Thus, if a text is revised or modified, the result is considered to be a new F2 Expression. While theoretically any change in signs will result in a new Expression, conventionally the context and use will determine the rules for distinguishing among expressions. An instance of F2 Expression which includes spoken or written text may be multiply instantiated as an instance of E33 Linguistic Object. This allows for the association of the E56 Language of the text with the instance of F2 Expression by using the property P72 has language (is language of) (LRMoo version1.0, 2024).

• In GOLEM, an expression is the realization of a work, reflecting how a story is conveyed through specific forms such as texts, audio, movies, or other visual media.

The text of the English version of *Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone*.

• R3i realises ^op
• R5 has component ^op
• R5i is component of ^op

• R3 is realised in ^op
• R5 has component ^op
• R5i is component of ^op

• R3i realises ^op some F1 Work ^c
  
• R5 has component ^op some F2 Expression ^c
  
• ecrm:P16i_was_used_for some E13 Attribute Assignment ^c
  

• This class comprises the actions of making assertions about one property of an object or any single relation between two items or concepts. The type of the property asserted to hold between two items or concepts can be described by the property P177 assigned property of type (is type of property assigned): E55 Type. For example, the class describes the actions of people making propositions and statements during certain scientific/scholarly procedures, e.g. the person and date when a condition statement was made, an identifier was assigned, the museum object was measured, etc. Which kinds of such assignments and statements need to be documented explicitly in structures of a schema rather than free text, depends on whether this information should be accessible by structured queries. This class allows for the documentation of how the respective assignment came about, and whose opinion it was. Note that all instances of properties described in a knowledge base are the opinion of someone. Per default, they are the opinion of the team maintaining the knowledge base. This fact must not individually be registered for all instances of properties provided by the maintaining team, because it would result in an endless recursion of whose opinion was the description of an opinion. Therefore, the use of instances of E13 Attribute Assignment marks the fact that the maintaining team is in general neutral to the validity of the respective assertion, but registers someone else’s opinion and how it came about. All properties assigned in such an action can also be seen as directly relating the respective pair of items or concepts. Multiple use of instances of E13 Attribute Assignment may possibly lead to a collection of contradictory values (CIDOC-ecrm version 7.1.3, 2024).

• In GOLEM, an attribute assignment is a framework for modeling observations and inference-making processes. It involves the act of assigning a property to an entity or asserting a relationship between concepts. It is the activity of making a statement that links an attribute to a subject.

Assigning the topic “friendship” to the work Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone.

• ecrm:P141_assigned ^op some ecrm:E1_CRM_Entity ^c
  
• ecrm:P177_assigned_property_of_type ^op some ecrm:E55_Type ^c
  

• G0 Character-Stoff ^c
• G13 Narrative Location ^c
• G14 Narrative-Stoff ^c
• G15 Fandom ^c
• G16 Object ^c
• G1 Character ^c

The word count and kudos on AO3 (https://archiveofourown.org/works)

The Tag categories on AO3, e.g. character tag or relationship tag.

• ecrm:P127_has_broader_term ^op some ecrm:E55_Type ^c
  
• ecrm:P127i_has_narrower_term some ecrm:E55_Type ^c
  
• ecrm:P2i_is_type_of some ecrm:E1_CRM_Entity ^c
  

This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the types of measurement units: feet, inches, centimetres, litres, lumens, etc.

This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E58 Measurement Unit, e.g. “instances of cm”.

Système International (SI) units or internationally recognized non-SI terms should be used whenever possible, such as those defined by ISO80000:2009. Archaic Measurement Units used in historical records should be preserved.

word counts, kudos.

• F1 Work ^c
• G9 Narrative Unit ^c

A time-interval or time-span in a narrative refers to a duration or a specific time point during which events take place. It encompasses the beginning, end, and the length of time between them, allowing for the placement of actions on a chronological timeline. It can represent broad periods, like an era, or specific moments, like a single date or time.

July 31, 1980 (Harry Potter's birthday)

• setting ^op some G12 Setting ^c
  
• temporal location of ^op some G5 Narrative Event ^c
  

The class of ordered containers.

The concept of Character-Stoff is derived from the German term Erzählstoff, referring to narrative material (Zgoll et al, 2020). Character-Stoff represents the infinite potential of a character across all known and unknown variations, extending beyond any singular depiction. It encompasses all possible versions, features, actions, and roles of a character across time and media, while remaining open to reinterpretation and transformation. This polymorphous nature allows for endless modifications. Thus, Character-Stoff is an ever-evolving, inexhaustible phenomenon, impossible to outline in full.

Harry Potter. 
The Harry Potter Stoff includes not only the known versions from books, films, and fan works, but also potential reinterpretations in future media or cultural contexts. Any imaginary version of Harry Potter could be potentially true, as the Character-Stoff allows for infinite variations and reinterpretations.

• ecrm:E28_Conceptual_Object ^c
• dlp_extDnS:social-object

A narrative function refers to the functional roles that narrative units play within a story. For instance, the Proppian function (Propp, 1968) "Villain causes harm or injury" can be illustrated by the narrative unit where Zephyros causes Hyacinthus's death.

Functions identified by Propp, Campbell, or Greimas (Greimas, 1983).

• d-used-by ^op some F1 Work ^c
  
• modal target ^op some G7 Narrative Sequence ^c
  
• played-by ^op some G9 Narrative Unit ^c
  

A narrative role refers to the functional roles that characters play within a story. Roles are only played by characters (gc:G1).

Narrator, dramatis personae from Propp Ontology (Pannach et al., 2021) or *commedia dell’arte*.

• d-used-by ^op some F1 Work ^c
  
• modal target ^op some G7 Narrative Sequence ^c
  
• played-by ^op some G1 Character ^c
  

Setting is the narrative universe in which a story unfolds, encompassing the spatial, cultural, and social contexts that shape characters and events. It defines the situation and surroundings relevant to the narrative. Defining a setting for a Work is useful for its comparative and historical analysis with respect to other works. It is particularly apt to specify differences between canonical and fanfiction works that have Alternate Universe settings.

The Wizarding World for the Harry Potter novels. 
The “setting of “Eveline” [by J. Joyce] is early 20th-century lower-middle-class Dublin" (Ryan, 2015).

• satisfies ^op some F1 Work ^c
  
• setting for ^op some Time Interval ^c
  
• setting for ^op some G13 Narrative Location ^c
  
• setting for ^op some G16 Object ^c
  
• setting for ^op some G1 Character ^c
  
• setting for ^op some G5 Narrative Event ^c
  

A narrative location is the spatial context in which events unfold—serving as the immediate frame of action within a story. It is a non-agentive social object shaped by the narrative structure. While it may derive features from real-world locations, it exists solely as an entity within the narrative domain.

'England' or the 'Forbidden Forest' as depicted in the Harry Potter series—both conceived and situated within the fictional narrative context." .

• dlp_extDnS:non-agentive-social-object
• ecrm:E28_Conceptual_Object ^c

• generic location of ^op some G16 Object ^c
  
• generic location of ^op some G1 Character ^c
  
• proper part ^op some G13 Narrative Location ^c
  
• proper part of ^op some G13 Narrative Location ^c
  
• setting ^op some G12 Setting ^c
  
• participant place of ^op some G5 Narrative Event ^c
  

Narrative Stoff refers to the fundamental materials that form the basis of a narrative. It contains a chronological sequence of events (golem:G7_Narrative_Sequence) that could be manifested across various narratives and media. This concept highlights the potential variations of narrative units within different contexts.

Apollo and Zephyros love Hyacinthus. While Apollo and Hyacinthus are playing a game with a discus, Zephyros uses the wind to change its direction, causing the discus to hit Hyacinthus and resulting in his death. Afterward, Hyacinthus transforms into a flower.

• ecrm:E28_Conceptual_Object ^c
• dlp_extDnS:description

A fandom is a group of fans who share a common interest in a particular work or topic, such as a book or movie, and engage in fan activities like discussions or creating fan works.

The entity identified by the label “Harry Potter - J. K. Rowling” on AO3.

An object refers to a persistent item that plays a significant role in the story but is not a character.

The Elder Wand carried by Harry Potter.

• generic location ^op some G13 Narrative Location ^c
  
• setting ^op some G12 Setting ^c
  
• used-by ^op some G1 Character ^c
  

Character traits or features are stable aspects defining a character's identity, including biographical (e.g., birth, death), physical (e.g., hair color, scars), and psychological features (e.g., personality). These three subcategories are specified using ecrm:E55_Type.

Harry Potter’s bravery as inferred from the sentence
“Harry screwed up his courage” (chapter 17 of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone).

Textual features are the elements or characteristics found in a narrative or fictions. These features include narrative style, like the tone and writing techniques employed by the author, as well as the point of view (POV) that determines the perspective from which the story is told, such as first-person or third-person. Textual features also contain the voice reflecting authors' attitude, the diction referring to the authors' choice of words, etc. Taxonomies of textual features can be further specified using ecrm:E55_Type.

Stream of consciousness, first-person perspective

“Character is a text- or media-based figure in a storyworld, usually human or human-like,” understood through readers’ knowledge of real people (Jannidis, 2019). Readers attribute to characters mental states such as intentions and beliefs, and consider them to engage in actions. Characters can have specific functional roles within narratives, such as protagonist or antagonist, influencing how readers perceive and interpret the story.

Harry Potter in the novel *Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone*.

• ecrm:E28_Conceptual_Object ^c
• dlp_extDnS:agentive-social-object

• has feature ^op only G17 Character Feature ^c
  
• ecrm:P130_shows_features_of ^op some G0 Character-Stoff ^c
  
• participant in ^op some G5 Narrative Event ^c
  
• involved in ^op some G4 Social Relationships ^c
  
• plays ^op some G11 Narrative Role ^c
  
• plays ^op some G6 Relationship Role ^c
  
• setting ^op some G12 Setting ^c
  
• uses ^op some G16 Object ^c
  
• is character in ^op some F1 Work ^c
  

A feature in the context of narrative refers to a distinct element or characteristic that contributes to the structure and meaning of a story. Features include character traits and textual elements. Taxonomies of features can be further specified using ecrm:E55_Type.

Style, theme, literary devices

• G17 Character Feature ^c
• G18 Textual Feature ^c

A psychological state is a temporal mental condition that may change over time but possesses relatively constant qualities, such as emotions, motivations, beliefs, and goals.

Ron's jealousy (Yule Ball).
In the Yule Ball scene, Ron's jealousy stems from his unacknowledged feeling for Hermione and his insecurity. Seeing Hermione arriving at the ball with Viktor Krum, Ron lashes out and criticizes Hermione. His anger reveals his jealousy (chapter 23 of Harry Potter and The Goblet of Fire).

• state-of ^op some G1 Character ^c
  
• follows ^op only na2e86411b5634bcdbd004f51dc316ebeb55 ^c
  
• temporally includes ^op only na2e86411b5634bcdbd004f51dc316ebeb59 ^c
  
• temporally overlaps ^op only na2e86411b5634bcdbd004f51dc316ebeb63 ^c
  

“A social description defining roles for the interaction of cognitive agents (DOLCE-Lite-Plus, 2005)” or dlp:agentive-social-objects. Characters are involved in social relationships.

Romantic love between Ron and Hermione, which can be inferred from the paragraph below:
"There was a clatter as the basilisk fangs cascaded out of Hermione’s arms. Running at Ron, she flung them around his neck and kissed him full on the mouth. Ron threw away the fangs and broomstick he was holding and responded with such enthusiasm that he lifted Hermione off her feet" (chapter 31 in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows).

• d-uses ^op some G6 Relationship Role ^c
  
• d-uses ^op only G6 Relationship Role ^c
  
• involves ^op some G1 Character ^c
  

A narrative event is a unit inferred from a span of text and it can express a change of state, a process, or a state of things that supports the story, as defined by its temporality and sequentiality.. Events can be either external, like actions taken by characters, or psychological, involving changes in thoughts or feelings, which are distinct from a psychological state (cf. Gius and Vauth, 2022). Types of events can be specified using ecrm:E55_Type.

"There was a clatter as the basilisk fangs cascaded out of Hermione’s arms [process event]. Running at Ron [process event], she flung them around his neck and kissed him full on the mouth [change of state]. Ron threw away the fangs and broomstick [process event] he was holding and responded with such enthusiasm that he lifted Hermione off her feet [change of state]."

• participant ^op some G1 Character ^c
  
• setting ^op some G12 Setting ^c
  
• participant place ^op some G13 Narrative Location ^c
  
• follows ^op some G3 Psychological State ^c
  
• follows ^op some G5 Narrative Event ^c
  
• precedes ^op some G3 Psychological State ^c
  
• precedes ^op some G5 Narrative Event ^c
  
• temporally included in ^op some G3 Psychological State ^c
  
• temporally included in ^op some G5 Narrative Event ^c
  
• temporally includes ^op some G3 Psychological State ^c
  
• temporally includes ^op some G5 Narrative Event ^c
  
• temporally overlaps ^op some G3 Psychological State ^c
  
• temporally overlaps ^op some G5 Narrative Event ^c
  

A relationship role refers to the functional role a character plays within the context of their interactions with other characters, serving as a descriptive counterpart to their enduring qualities, with characters participating in events (perdurants).

Lover (both Ron and Hermione in the “Ron and Hermione” romantic relationship).
Beloved (both Ron and Hermione in the “Ron and Hermione” romantic relationship).

• d-used-by ^op some G4 Social Relationships ^c
  
• played-by ^op some G1 Character ^c
  

G7_Narrative_Sequences can take various forms, including sequences of functions, such as Proppian functions (Propp, 1968), sequences of motifs, or hyleme sequences like fabula and syuzhet. Specifically, a type of narrative sequence is fabula, which refers to the sequence of events of a narrative in chronological and causal order (Abbott, 2019). It represents the underlying structure of the story or what happens in it. Since the concept of fabula is mainly defined in relation to that of syuzhet, its conceptual function is to express a specific ordering of some narrative units. Accordingly, the fabula is a sequence (rdf:Seq) of narrative units (gc:G9) that orders (dlp:sequences) a set of temporal entities called events (dlp: perdurant). Another type is syuzhet, often translated as "plot" or “discourse”. Syuzhet encompasses how events are presented and organized within a narrative (Kukkonen, 2019; Abbott, 2019). It involves the specific ordering and techniques used to articulate the story, reflecting the author’s design and organization to achieve particular aesthetic and cognitive-emotional effects, like suspense. As for fabula, the conceptual function of syuzhet is to express a specific ordering of some narrative units. Accordingly, the syuzhet is a sequence (rdf:Seq) of narrative units (gc:G9) that orders (dlp:sequences) a set of temporal entities called events (dlp: perdurant).

Text: “1) I used to love this boy, and (2) he used to love me. (3) But I failed, he has been dead for years, and I am a god…(4) We were in a sunny field playing, as we both loved sports. He grabbed a diskus...He ran laughing to catch it. He should have gotten it, but in those last moments it felt like years....(5) A slight change in the wind destroyed everything. Instead of catching the diskus,it hit his head... I tried everything. Everything. Magic, all forms of healing. (6) But I could not bring him back. Me, the god of healing, failed…(7) and in its place a flower, more beautiful than royal phonecian, was born…(8) I dared Zephyros, the West Wind, who also loved Hyacinthus. I dared him to take him away from me. My greed caused his death” (fanfiction story [Smile as Bright as the Sun as You Fade into Darkness](https://archiveofourown.org/works/38717322/chapters/96804426) from AO3).

Fabula (sequence of hylemes, a type of G9_Narrative_Unit): 
H1: [Apollo] loves [Hyacinthus] (durative-constant)
H2: Zephyros loves Hyacinthus (durative-constant)
H3: [Hyacinthus] loves [Apollo] (durative-initial)
H4: [Apollo and Hyacinthus] play the game of discus (single-event)
H5: Zephyros is the West Wind. (durative-constant)
[H6: Zephyros causes the wind to change. (single-event)]
H7: The discus hits Hyacinthus (single-event)
H8: Apollo fails to save Hyacinthus (single-event)
H9: [Hyacinthus] is dead (durative-resultative)
[H10: Hyacinthus is a flower (durative-resultative)]

Syuthet (sequence of hylemes, a type of G9_Narrative_Unit): 
H4: [Apollo and Hyacinthus] play the game of discus (single-event)
H6: Zephyros causes the wind to change. (single-event)
H7: The discus hits Hyacinthus (single-event)
H8: Apollo fails to save Hyacinthus (single-event)
H9: [Hyacinthus] is dead (durative-resultative)
H10: Hyacinthus is a flower (durative-resultative)
H1: [Apollo] loves [Hyacinthus] (durative-constant)
H3: [Hyacinthus] loves [Apollo] (durative-initial)
H2: Zephyros loves Hyacinthus (durative-constant)
H5: Zephyros is the West Wind. (durative-constant)

• dlp_extDnS:course
• Seq ^c

• ecrm:P130_shows_features_of ^op some G14 Narrative-Stoff ^c
  
• d-used-by ^op some F1 Work ^c
  
• modal target of ^op some G10 Narrative Function ^c
  
• modal target of ^op some G11 Narrative Role ^c
  
• sequences ^op some G5 Narrative Event ^c
  
• member ^op some G9 Narrative Unit ^c
  

A narrative unit is the minimal or fundamental component of narrative structure that articulates actions, states, or thematic elements within a story. The advantage of having narrative unit as a concept distinct from that of narrative event (G5) is that narrative units can be propositional objects formulated differently from how events are presented in the narrative. For example, hylemes (Zgoll et al., 2023; Pannach, 2023) are narrative units (statements) composed of a subject, predicate, and optional object. They represent the fundamental building blocks of any narrative structure, describing actions, states, or information present within a narrative , such as "Apollo loves Hyacinthus."

A hyleme such as "Apollo loves Hyacinthus".

• ecrm:E89_Propositional_Object ^c
• dlp_extDnS:description

• ecrm:P67_refers_to ^op some G5 Narrative Event ^c
  
• proper part of ^op some F1 Work ^c
  
• plays ^op some G10 Narrative Function ^c
  

• Quantification: one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,1)

  Scope note:

  This property associates an instance of F2 Expression with an instance of F1 Work. This property expresses the association that exists between an expression and the work that this expression conveys. Our factual knowledge of how a given work is historically realised into expressions is often limited. Therefore, this property makes it possible to express the association between an instance of F2 Expression and the instance of F1 Work it conveys without identifying the particular instances of F2 Expression that were part of a chain of derivation from the source.

• In GOLEM, a narrative or idea (work) is realized in a specific expression, such as a text, movie, performance, or other medium.

The work Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (F1) is realised in the text of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (Rowling, 2007) (F2).

• Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,1)

  Scope note of the inverse property:

  This property associates an instance of F2 Expression with an instance of F1 Work. This property expresses the association that exists between an expression and the work that this expression conveys. Our factual knowledge of how a given work is historically realised into expressions is often limited. Therefore, this property makes it possible to express the association between an instance of F2 Expression and the instance of F1 Work it conveys without identifying the particular instances of F2 Expression that were part of a chain of derivation from the source.

  Examples of the inverse property:

  • Agatha Christie’s work entitled ‘Murder on the Orient Express’ (F1) is realised in the original text written by Agatha Christie for the novel (F2).
  • Agatha Christie’s work entitled ‘Murder on the Orient Express’ (F1) is realised in the German translation created by Elisabeth van Bebber (F2).
  • Agatha Christie’s work entitled ‘Murder on the Orient Express’ (F1) is realised in the narration of the English text by David Suchet (F2).
  • Dante’s work entitled ‘Inferno’ (F1) is realised in the Italian text of Dante’s ‘Inferno’ as found in the authoritative critical edition ‘La Commedia secondo l’antica issolu’ a cura di Giorgio Petrocchi, Milano: Mondadori, 1966-67 (= ‘Le Opere di Dante Alighieri’, Edizione Nazionale a cura della Società Dantesca Italiana, VII, 1-4) (F2).
  • Johann Sebastian Bach’s ‘Goldberg Variations’ (F1) is realised in the score of the ‘Goldberg Variations’ (as published by Balthasar Schmid in 1741) (F2).
  • Auguste Rodin’s work ‘The Thinker’ (F1) is realised in the first plaster version of ‘The thinker’ (F2) that Auguste Rodin made around 1881.
  • Auguste Rodin’s work ‘The Thinker’ (F1) is realised in the large-scale version of ‘The thinker’ (F2) created at the Fonderie Alexis Rudier in 1904.

• A narrative or idea (work) is realized in a specific expression, such as a text, movie, performance, or other medium.

• In GOLEM, it indicates that an expression (such as a text) contains a specific component, like a word, sentence, or paragraph.

• Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)

  Scope note: This property associates an instance of an F2 Expression X with a structural component Y that conveys a part of the overall work realized by X, such as volumes, chapters, or sections. This property is transitive, asymmetric and irreflexive. Any part of an expression that conveys complete propositions, such as a single phrase, can be documented using the more general property P148 has component (is component of). Any part of an expression that does not completely follow meaningful boundaries, such as lines or pages of text or portions visible on images, can be documented using the property P106 is composed of (forms part of), and not with R5 has component (is component of). Fragments, in particular, can be documented with the more specific property R15 has fragment (is fragment of). This property does not cover the relationship that exists between expressions that are realisations of different works, where one is re-used in a new, larger expression. Such a relationship is modelled by R75 incorporates (is incorporated in) (LRMoo version1.0, 2024).

Text of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (Rowling, 2007) (F2) has component a paragraph in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (F2).

Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)

Scope note: This property associates an instance of an F2 Expression X with a structural component Y that conveys a part of the overall work realized by X, such as volumes, chapters, or sections. This property is transitive, asymmetric and irreflexive. Any part of an expression that conveys complete propositions, such as a single phrase, can be documented using the more general property P148 has component (is component of). Any part of an expression that does not completely follow meaningful boundaries, such as lines or pages of text or portions visible on images, can be documented using the property P106 is composed of (forms part of), and not with R5 has component (is component of). Fragments, in particular, can be documented with the more specific property R15 has fragment (is fragment of). This property does not cover the relationship that exists between expressions that are realisations of different works, where one is re-used in a new, larger expression. Such a relationship is modelled by R75 incorporates (is incorporated in) (LRMoo version1.0, 2024).

"Friendship" (E55) has broader term "topic" (E55).

In the GOLEM ontology, it indicates that a Stoff variant exhibits features of the Stoff, such as a Character-Stoff or Narrative-Stoff.

• Harry Potter (character) who appears in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (movie, 2001) (G1)  shows features of Harry Potter Stoff (G0).

• The Battle of Hogwarts in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (Rowling, 2007) (G7) shows features of Battle of Hogwarts Stoff (G14).

• Relationship assignment for Ron and Hermione (E13) assigned attribute to romantic love between Ron and Hermione (G4).

• The topic assignment for Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (E13) assigned attribute to the work Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (Rowling, 1997) (F1).

• Relationship assignment for Ron and Hermione (E13) assigned Ron (G1) [to romantic love between Ron and Hermione (G4)].

• The topic assignment for Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (E13) assigned “friendship” (E55) [to the work Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (F1)].

In GOLEM, indicates that an object (G16) is used in a narrative event (G5), or a source is used in an observation or inference process (E13).

The topic assignment for Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (E13) assigned property of type “topic” (E55).

Narrative function “Victory” (G10) has type “Proppian function” (E55)

In GOLEM, indicates that a narrative unit (G9) refers to a specific narrative event (G5)

The hyleme “Voldemort casts the ‘Avada Kedavra’ curse” (G9) refers to the event “Harry heard the high voice shriek [...]: ‘Avada Kedavra!’” (G5).

• Kudos (E54) has unit kudos (E58). (Smile as Bright as the Sun as You Fade into Darkness from AO3)

• Word count (E54) has unit word count (E58).

In GOLEM, indicates that a narrative event (G5) has a specific duration.

The Battle of Hogwarts (G5) has *duration* several hours (time-interval).

In GOLEM, specifies the location (G13) of an enduring entity, such as a character (G1) or object (G16), within the narrative.

• Quidditch World Cup Campsite (G13) is generic location of Harry Potter (G1).

• Quidditch World Cup Campsite (G13) is generic location of Quidditch banners and flags (G16).

In GOLEM, indicates that an endurant, such as a character (G1) or object (G16), participates in a specific narrative event (G5).

• Harry Potter (G1) participant in the Battle of Hogwarts (G5).

• The egg (G16) participant in the event in which Cedric gives Harry a hint (G5) (chapter 24 of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire).

In GOLEM, indicates that an entity is proper part of a larger entity. For example, a child location (G13) is proper part of a larger parent location (G13).

• Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (Rowling, 2007) (F1) has proper part Hyleme “Harry’s triumph, as Voldemort dies from his rebounded curse” (G9).

• Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry (G13) has proper part Forbidden Forest (G13).

This property links a (dlp:)description, such as a work (F1) or relationship (G4), to a (dlp:)role, like a narrative function (G10) or a relationship role (G6). It also links a work (F1) to a (dlp:)course, like fabula or syuzhet (G7_Narrative_Sequence).

• Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (Rowling, 2007) (F1) d-uses the fabula of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (G7).

• Romantic love between Ron and Hermione (G4) d-uses the role "lover" (G6).

In GOLEM, indicates that a character is involved in a social relationship.

Ron (G1) involved in the romantic love between Ron and Hermione (G4).

In GOLEM, it relates a narrative function (G10) or narrative role (G11) to their target sequence of narrative events (dlp:perdurants), like fabula or syuzhet (G7_Narrative_Sequence). This property is useful both to link tropes to the whole course of action of a story and to retrieve all the narrative functions associated with the events of a story. It can also be used to specify the relationship roles (G6) of a social relationship (G4).

• Proppian function “Victory” (G10) is the modal target of the fabula (G7_Narrative_Sequence) of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (Rowling, 2007).

• “Hero” (G11) is modal target of the narrative sequence (G7) of Battle of Hogwarts in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (Rowling, 2007).

In GOLEM, an endurant, such as a narrative unit or a character, plays a role in a (dlp:)description, such as a narrative function (G10) or relationship role (G11).

• Ron (G1) plays relationship role "lover" (G4).

• The hyper-hyleme "Harry defeats Voldemort” (G9) plays proppian function "Victory" (G10).

Specifies the order between two entities, where one is the successor or predecessor of the other.

Harry's life at the Dursleys (G12) is predecessor of the Wizarding World (G12).

In GOLEM, this property links a setting (G12) to a work (F1).

The setting of "Wizarding community rivalries during the Triwizard Tournament" (G12) satisfies the work Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (F1).

In GOLEM, indicates that a fabula or syuzhet (G7) sequences narrative events in a specific order.

The fabula and syuzhet (G7) of Battle of Hogwarts in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (J. K. Rowling, 2007) sequences a series of individual events

• In GOLEM, links a narrative setting (G12) to various elements such as location (G13), time, character (G1), object (G16), or event (G5).

• The relation between a situation and the entities that constitute it. (At least some of, or all) such entities must be classified by concepts defined by the description that the situation is supposed to satisfy (DOLCE-Lite-Plus, 2005).

In GOLEM, links a narrative setting (G12) to various elements such as location (G13), time, character (G1), object (G16), or event (G5).

• Wizarding community rivalries during the Triwizard Tournament (G12) is setting for Harry Potter (G1).

• Wizarding community rivalries during the Triwizard Tournament (G12) is setting for Quidditch World Cup campsite (G13).

• Wizarding community rivalries during the Triwizard Tournament (G12) is setting for Triwizard Tournament (G5).

In GOLEM, describes a character's (G1) use of an object (G16) in a narrative event (G5) or narrative unit (G9).

Harry Potter (G1) uses the Elder Wand (G16) in the Battle of Hogwarts.

In GOLEM, describes a character's (G1) use of an object (G16) in a narrative event (G5) or narrative unit (G9).

• Participation in a state (DOLCE-Lite-Plus, 2005).

• In GOLEM, indicates the psychological state (G3) of a character (G1).

Ron in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (G1) has state “jealousy” (G3) during the event Yule Ball (G5).

• In GOLEM, indicates the psychological state (G3) of a character (G1).

• Participation in a state (DOLCE-Lite-Plus, 2005).

In GOLEM, indicates the location (G13) where a narrative event (G5) took place.

The Quidditch World Cup match (G5) has participant place Quidditch World Cup Campsite (G13).

• In GOLEM, describes the temporal relation between two narrative events (G5) or psychological states (G3), either chronologically or causally.

• Temporal precedence between two perdurants. No further dependence is implied (e.g. mereological, causal) (DOLCE-Lite-Plus, 2005).

• Ron argues with Hermione about her date (G5) follows Hermione arrives at the ball with Viktor Krum (G5).

• Ron argues with Hermione about her date (G5) follows Ron has state “jealousy” (G3) during the Yule Ball (G5).

• Analytical location holding between physical perdurants and temporal regions (DOLCE-Lite-Plus, 2005).

• In GOLEM, describes the specific time point at which a narrative event (G5) occurs.

The Yule Ball in *Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire* (movie, 2005) (G5) has temporal location Christmas Eve (time-interval).

In GOLEM, indicates that a general event (G5) contains one or more sub-events (G5) or psychological states (G3).

• The Battle of Hogwarts (G5) temporally includes the death of Voldemort (G5).

• The Yule Ball in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (movie, 2005) (G5) temporally includes Ron's jealousy (G3).

In GOLEM, indicates that two narrative events (G5) or psychological states (G3) overlap at some point in time.

Ron’s jealousy (G3) temporally overlaps with Hermione’s arrival at the ball with Viktor Krum (G5).

• A member of the subject resource.

• In GOLEM, describes the sequence or order of items within a (dlp:)course, like fabula or syuzhet (G7).

The fabula of Battle of Hogwarts in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows orders events as follows:
rdf:_1 Voldemort casts the "Avada Kedavra" curse.
rdf:_2 Harry casts "Expelliarmus"
rdf:_3 The spells collide in midair, etc.

Indicates that a narrative or character has certain features.

• Harry Potter (G1) has feature bravery (G17).

• The text of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (J. K. Rowling, 2007) (F2) hasFeature third-person limited 
  perspective (G18).

Indicates that a narrative or character has certain features.

Indicates that a character appears in a work.

Harry Potter (G1) *is character in* *Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone* (movie, 2001) (F1).

Indicates that a character appears in a work.

This property allows an instance of E54 Dimension to be approximated by an instance of E60 Number primitive.

• Kudos (E54) has value 59 (E60).
  (Smile as Bright as the Sun as You Fade into Darkness from AO3)

• Word count (E54) has value 1,337 (E60).

A human-readable name for the subject.